This work to define mental health was carried out as part of the 2024 Mental Health Information Days (SISM) by Émilie Sauvaget and Brice Pottier, project officers within the City of La Rochelle’s Public Health Department.
Mental health, an essential component of overall health
It is far more than the absence of mental disorders. It is an integral part of overall health and is essential to everyone's well-being. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is defined as a "state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community." Thus, overall health cannot be complete without good mental health.
Definition of global health
Holistic health encompasses a state of physical, mental, and social well-being. It is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It reflects a broader, more inclusive approach that takes into account the multiple dimensions of health—whether individual or collective, local or global.
Determinants of mental health
Psychological well-being is influenced by a wide range of socioeconomic, biological, and environmental factors. Among these determinants, working conditions play a crucial role. Stress, workplace pressure, difficult professional relationships, and work-life balance are all factors that can affect an individual's mental health. Furthermore, poverty, social inequalities, and traumatic events can also have a profound impact on mental health.
Mental health is a global priority.
At the first WHO European Ministerial Conference in Helsinki in 2005, ministers from Member States in the European Region acknowledged that mental health promotion, the prevention of mental disorders, and the provision of treatment, care, and rehabilitation needed to be priorities for Member States. These actions are now integrated into the public health policies of many countries. Recognizing mental health as a major component of overall health marked a decisive turning point in improving care and raising awareness regarding mental health issues.
The impact of mental disorders
Mental disorders span a wide spectrum, ranging from mild, temporary issues—such as stress or anxiety—to more severe, chronic, and disabling conditions like major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Depression, in particular, is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately half of all mental disorders manifest before the age of 14, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention among children and adolescents.
The three dimensions of mental health
Mental health can be divided into three main dimensions:
- Positive mental health This dimension encompasses well-being, personal fulfillment, and the individual's psychological resources. It is reflected in the ability to manage emotions, maintain healthy social relationships, and participate actively in society. Promoting positive mental health is essential for preventing the onset of mental disorders.
- Psychological distress It is a normal reaction to difficult or trying situations, such as bereavement, a relationship breakdown, or significant stress. This distress can trigger symptoms of anxiety or depression, which are often temporary. However, if it goes undetected or is poorly managed, psychological distress can develop into a more serious mental disorder requiring specialized care.
- Psychiatric disorders These disorders vary in duration and severity, ranging from mild to highly debilitating. They often require medical care and can have significant consequences, such as disability, premature death, or even discrimination and social exclusion. When left untreated, psychiatric disorders have a major impact on the quality of life of those affected.
Visit the Mental Health Week website
A public health issue
This is a major public health issue. The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of mental disorders must be part of a comprehensive approach that integrates physical, mental, and social health dimensions. The mental well-being program aims to improve the population's overall well-being while reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with mental disorders. This cross-cutting approach enables the implementation of targeted actions, ranging from awareness-raising and prevention to the care and reintegration of individuals suffering from mental disorders.
Mental health, an essential component of overall health, must be addressed with particular attention to each individual, while taking into account their social and economic environment.
